NICKEL
SYNONYMS:
ALLOY
725; ALLOY 732; ALLOY 735; ALLOY 762; ALLOY 770; C.I.77775; EINECS No.
231-111-4; NICKEL, ELEMENTAL; NICKEL 200; NICKEL 201; NICKEL 204; NICKEL 205;
NICKEL 211; NICKEL 212; NICKEL 213; NICKEL 222; NICKEL 223; NICKEL 229; Ni 270;
NICKEL 270; NICKEL 0901-S; NICKEL 4303T NIKLAD 794- A; NIQUEL (Spanish); NP2;
RANEY ALLOY; RANEY NICKEL
IDENTIFICATION:
CAS:
7440-02-0
Formula:
Ni
RTECS No:
QR5950000
(metal)
Properties:
Silvery
white, workable metal. Odorless. Insoluble in water.
Uses:
Plating;
making corrosion resistant ferrous and non-ferrous alloys for many
applications; spark plugs, machinery parts; component of permanent magnets;
batteries.
HEALTH & SAFETY INFORMATION
• IDLH:
10
mg[Ni]/m3 nickel metal and other compounds.
•
IARC:
Group 2B, possible human carcinogen.
•
Cancers of the lung and nasal sinus have resulted when workers breathed dust
containing high levels of nickel compounds while working in nickel refineries
or nickel processing plants. The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
has determined that nickel metal may reasonably be anticipated to be a
carcinogen and that nickel compounds are known human carcinogens. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that some
nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans and that metallic nickel may
possibly be carcinogenic to humans. The EPA has determined that nickel refinery
dust and nickel subsulfide are human carcinogens.
• NTP:
Metallic
nickel is an anticipated human carcinogen
• NIOSH Criteria Document
: NIOSH 77-164
•
Dust and fume can cause eye and skin irritation. Inhalation may cause chemical
pneumonia. Ingestion of soluble nickel salts causes nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea. The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an
allergic reaction. Approximately 10-15% of the population is sensitive to
nickel. Once a person is sensitized to nickel, further contact with the metal
will produce a reaction. The most common reaction is a skin rash at the site of
contact. The skin rash may also occur at a site away from the site of contact.
Less frequently, some people who are sensitive to nickel have asthma attacks
following exposure to nickel. Some sensitized people react when they eat nickel
in food or water or breathe dust containing it. People working in nickel
refineries or nickel-processing plants have experienced chronic bronchitis and
reduced lung function. These persons breathed amounts of nickel much higher
than levels found in the environment. Workers who drank water containing high
amounts of nickel had stomach aches and suffered adverse effects to their blood
and kidneys.
Animal
studies:
Damage to the lung
and nasal cavity has been observed in rats and mice breathing nickel compounds.
Eating or drinking large amounts of nickel has caused lung disease in dogs and
rats and has affected the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system in
rats and mice, as well as their reproduction and development.
Exposure Limits:
•
ACGIH TLV: 1.5 mg[Ni]/m3 TWA; elemental, not suspected as a human carcinogen
•
OSHA PEL: 1 mg[Ni]/m3
•
NIOSH REL: 0.015 mg[Ni]/m3 TWA. inorganic nickel, potential carcinogen. Limit
occupational exposure to lowest feasible level.
•
DFG TRK: 0.50
μ
g[Ni]/L in urine, after several shifts;
Category 1, human carcinogen, as inhalable dusts/aerosols from nickel metal
Reactivity:
Powder
may self-ignite in air. Contact with strong mineral acids form flammable and
explosive hydrogen gas. Sulfur contact evolves heat. Violent reaction with
strong oxidizers, fluorine, ammonia nitrate, hydrazine, performic acid,
phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, nitric acid, carbon monoxide, and many other
chemicals.
FIRE INFORMATION:
Spontaneously combustible
. Fine nickel dust or fumes are flammable. If
material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of
potentially contaminated water.
Hazard Classifications:
Health Hazard (Blue)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Flammability (Red)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Reactivity (Yellow)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
•
Clean Air Act: Hazardous Air Pollutants (Title I, Part A, Section 112) as
nickel compounds.lean Water Act: Section 307 Toxic Pollutants as nickel and
compounds; Section 313 Priority Chemicals.
•
RCRA Section 261 Hazardous Constituents, waste number not listed.
•
RCRA Land Ban Waste
•
RCRA Universal Treatment Standards: Wastewater (mg/L), 3.98; Nonwastewater
(mg/L), 5.0 TCLP.
•
RCRA Ground Water Monitoring List: Suggested test method(s) (PQL
μ
g/L): (total) 6010(50); 7520(400).
•
Safe Drinking Water Act: Regulated chemical (47 FR 9352).
•
EPCRA Section 304: Reportable Quantity (RQ): CERCLA, 100 lb (45.4 kg). • EPCRA
Section 313: Form R
de
minimis
concentration
reporting level: 0.1%.
•
EPA Best Practical Control Technology Limits for Metal Finishing Effluent:
nickel
, Maximum 1 day 3.98 ppm: Daily average/30
consecutive days: 2.38 ppm
•
California LOL: BCDFGK(Carcinogen as nickel and certain nickel compounds)MNQ
•
WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List (Canada): 0.1%