LEAD
SYNONYMS:
BLEI
(German); C.I. 77575; C.I. PIGMENT METAL 4; EINECS No. 231-100-4; GLOVER; HARO
MIX CE-701; HARO MIX CK-711; HARO MIX MH-204; JMI SLOOP; LEAD FLAKE; LEAD
METAL; LEAD S2; OMAHA; OMAHA & GRANT; PLOMB (French); PLOMO (Spanish);
PLUMBUM; SI; SO
IDENTIFICATION:
CAS:
7439-92-1
DOT ID:
N/A
for metallic lead
Formula:
Pb
RTECS No:
OF7525000
Properties:
Heavy,
soft metal. Bluish white to silvery grey. Odorless. Insoluble in water.
Uses:
Bearing
metal and making alloys; many industrial uses including annealing,
condensation, extraction, galvanizing, halogenation, plating, sulfonation; for
protection from corrosive gases, x-ray, and atomic radiation; making pigments
for paints, other lead compounds, in ceramics; in weights, and as ballast;
making lead storage batteries, ammunition, solder, cable covering, sheet lead;
production of other metal products; construction material.
HEALTH & SAFETY INFORMATION
• IDLH:
100
mg[Pb]/m3
• IARC:
Group
2B, possible human carcinogen; human evidence, inadequate; animal evidence,
sufficient.
•
NTP:
Anticipated human carcinogen
•
OSHA Specifically Regulated Substances (29 CFR 1910.1025).
• NIOSH Criteria Document
: NIOSH 78-158 LEAD, inorganic dusts and
fumes.
•
Lead can accumulate in the body over a period of time. Therefore, long–term
exposures to lower levels can result in a build up of lead in the body and more
severe symptoms. These may include anemia, pale skin, a blue line at the gum
margin, decreased hand grip strength, abdominal pain, severe constipation,
nausea, vomiting, and paralysis of the wrist joint. Prolonged exposure may also
result in kidney damage. If the central nervous system is affected, usually due
to very high exposures, the resulting effects include severe headache,
convulsions, coma, delirium, and death. In non-fatal cases, recovery is slow
and not always complete. Alcohol ingestion and physical exertion may bring on
symptoms. Continuous exposure can result in decreased fertility. Elevated lead
exposure of either parent before pregnancy can increase the chances of
miscarriage or birth defects. Exposure of the mother during pregnancy can cause
birth defects.
Exposure Limits:
•
ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg[Pb]/m3 TWA; BEI: 30
μ
g[Pb]/100 mL (blood).
Note:
women of child bearing potential whose blood
exceeds 10
μ
g[Pb]/dL are at risk of delivering a child
with a blood [Pb] over the current CDC guideline of 10
μ
g[Pb]/dL and may cause birth defects.
Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
•
OSHA PEL: 0.050 mg[Pb]/m3 TWA
•
NIOSH REL: 0.100 mg[Pb]/m3 TWA. Suspected carcinogen. Reduce exposure to lowest
feasible level.
•
DFG MAK: 0.1 mg/m3; BAT: 700
μ
g[Pb]/L (blood) no fixed; 300
μ
g[Pb]/L (blood) women age < 45.
Respirator:
0.5
mg/m3:
HiE (any
air-purifying, respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter); SA (any
supplied-air respirator).
1.25
mg/m3:
SA:CF (any
supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode) PAPRHiE (any
powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter).
2.5 mg/m3:
HiEF (any air-purifying, full-facepiece
respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter) SAT:CF (any supplied-air
respirator that has a tightfitting facepiece and is operated in a
continuous-flow mode) PAPRTHiE (any powered, air-purifying respirator with a
tight-fitting facepiece and a highefficiency particulate filter) SCBAF (any
selfcontained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece) SAF (any supplied-air
respirator with a full facepiece).
50
mg/m3:
SA:PD,PP (any
supplied-air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positivepressure
mode).
100 mg/m3:
SAF:PD,PP (any suppliedair respirator that
has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode).
Emergency
or Planned Entry into Unknown Concentrations or IDLH Conditions
SCBAF:PD,PP (any self-contained breathing
apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or
other positive-pressure mode) SAF:PD,PP:ASCBA (any supplied-air respirator that
has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other
positivepressure mode in combination with an auxiliary selfcontained breathing
apparatus operated in a pressuredemand or other positive-pressure mode).
Escape:
HiEF
(any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency
particulate filter) SCBAE (any appropriate escape-type, self-contained
breathing apparatus).
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
•
Clean Water Act: Section 307 Priority Pollutants; Section 307 Toxic Pollutants
as lead and compounds; Section 313 Priority Chemicals.
•
EPA Hazardous Waste Number (RCRA No.): D008.
•
RCRA Toxicity Characteristic (Section 261.24): Maximum Concentration of Contaminants,
regulatory level, 5.0 mg/L.
•
RCRA Section 261 Hazardous Constituents, as lead compounds n.o.s., waste number
not listed.
•
RCRA Universal Treatment Standards: Wastewater (mg/L), 0.69; Nonwastewater
(mg/L), 0.37 TCLP.
•
RCRA Ground Water Monitoring List: Suggested test method(s) (PQL
μ
g/L): 6010(40); 7420(1000); 7421(10).
•
Safe Drinking Water Act: MCL, zero; MCLG, zero; Regulated chemical (47 FR
9352).
•
EPCRA Section 304: Reportable Quantity (RQ): CERCLA, 10 lb (4.54 kg).
•
EPCRA Section 313: Form R
de
minimis
concentration
reporting level: 0.1%.
•
EPA Best Practical Control Technology Limits for Metal Finishing Effluent:
lead
, Maximum 1 day: 0.69 ppm; Daily average/30
consecutive days: 0.43 ppm
•
California LOL: BCDFGIK(Carcinogen; reproductive toxin)NQ
•
WHMIS, Ingredients Disclosure List (Canada): 0.1%